Equivalence between ICNP® and SNOMED CT concepts: theoretical reflection / Equivalencia entre conceptos ICNP® y SNOMED CT: reflexión teórica / Equivalência entre conceitos da CIPE® e da SNOMED CT: reflexão teórica

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the equivalence between the concepts of the International Classification for Nursing Practice and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms. Method: theoretical reflection based on the analysis of equivalence between the concepts of diagnoses, results and nursing interventions of the International Classification for Nursing Practice and the hierarchy of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms. The researchers' experience and articles on the subject provided support for analysis. Results: nursing diagnoses and results of the International Classification for Nursing Practice are present in the hierarchies "clinical finding", "disorder" and "problem situation", while the interventions are included in the hierarchies "procedure" and "regime/therapy". The main causes of non-equivalence are linked to the problems of the specificity of the concept. Cross-mapping will require analysis by nursing specialists to improve the representativeness of the concepts. The equivalence table must be translated into Brazilian Portuguese, but the entire Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms lacks interdisciplinary work. Conclusion: the representation of the International Classification for Nursing Practice in systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms will bring benefits related to the clarity of concepts. The concepts of nursing classification that are not equivalent will require conceptual analysis. The lack of translation of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms for the Portuguese language will reflect the development of terminological subsets of the International Classification for Nursing Practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la equivalencia entre los conceptos de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería y la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos. Método: reflexión teórica basada en el análisis de la equivalencia entre los conceptos de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de enfermería de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería y la jerarquía de la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos. La experiencia de los investigadores y los artículos sobre el tema sirvieron de apoyo para el análisis. Resultados: los diagnósticos y resultados de enfermería de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería están presentes en las jerarquías "hallazgo clínico", "trastorno" y "situación-problema", mientras que las intervenciones están incluidas en las jerarquías "procedimiento" y "régimen/terapia". Las principales causas de la no equivalencia están vinculadas a los problemas de especificidad del concepto. El mapeo cruzado requerirá el análisis de expertos en enfermería para mejorar la representatividad de los conceptos. La tabla de equivalencia debe ser traducida al portugués brasileño, pero la totalidad de la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos carece de trabajo interdisciplinario. Conclusión: la representación de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería en la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos traerá beneficios relacionados con la claridad de conceptos. Los conceptos de clasificación de enfermería que no sean equivalentes requerirán un análisis conceptual. La falta de traducción de la Nomenclatura Sistematizada de Medicina Internacional - Términos Clínicos para el portugués se reflejará en el desarrollo de subconjuntos terminológicos de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre a equivalência entre os conceitos da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem e da Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms. Método: reflexão teórica baseada na análise da equivalência entre os conceitos de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem e a hierarquia da Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms. A experiência das pesquisadoras e artigos sobre o tema ofereceram suporte para análise. Resultados: diagnósticos e resultados de enfermagem da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem estão presentes nas hierarquias "achado clínico", "transtorno" e "situação-problema", enquanto as intervenções constam nas hierarquias "procedimento" e "regime/terapia". As principais causas de não equivalência são ligadas aos problemas da especificidade do conceito. O mapeamento cruzado exigirá análise por especialistas na enfermagem para melhorar a representatividade dos conceitos. A tabela de equivalência deverá ser traduzida para o português brasileiro, porém a totalidade da Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms carece de trabalho interdisciplinar. Conclusão: a representação da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem na Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms trará benefícios relacionados à clareza dos conceitos. Os conceitos da classificação de enfermagem que não foram equivalentes necessitarão de análise conceitual. A ausência de tradução da Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine International - Clinical Terms para o português refletirá no desenvolvimento de subconjuntos terminológicos da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem.

Rol sociopolítico de enfermeras y enfermeros vinculado con el liderazgo y la autonomía profesional / Socio-political role of nurses linked to leadership and professional autonomy

Es tiempo de considerar las oportunidades que actualmente se presentan a enfermeras/os, a raíz de contar con el respaldo legal que define el campo del ejercicio profesional(1-2); disponer de un corpus deontológico consolidado en principios y valores, así como, una definición de las competencias para la gestión del cuidado, para cumplir a cabalidad el compromiso de la enfermería con la sociedad, desde una práctica ética y autónoma para tomar decisiones respecto al cuidado(3). En los lineamientos del Consejo Internacional de Enfermeras (CIE), se propone que para el desarrollo del rol sociopolítico, a través de funciones esenciales, que junto con los cuidados autónomos y de colaboración, se agreguen la defensa y el fomento de un entorno seguro, la gestión del cuidado y de los sistemas de salud, el desarrollo de investigaciones, la participación en la formación y en las políticas sanitarias(4). Las/los enfermeras/os muestran diversos niveles de autonomía, se observa una mayor independencia en las funciones derivadas de la asistencia, especialmente en lo referente a educación, promoción en salud y en la realización de procedimientos técnicos, en contrapartida con un menor grado de independencia en las funciones derivadas de la gestión e investigación. Esta situación se ve agravada por la escasa participación de los profesionales en las organizaciones gremiales, lo cual limita una defensa colectiva para el reconocimiento social del rol integrado(5). Para potenciar el cumplimiento de manera integral de las funciones, es necesario fortalecer desde la formación de enfermeras/os la sensibilidad social, el liderazgo, el compromiso político y una comunicación horizontal, a través de un paradigma transformador, que se proyecte más allá de ser un apoyo a la comunidad a resolver sus problemas socio-sanitarios, sino que además, brindarles las herramientas necesarias para el empoderamiento social, a través de un auténtico diálogo social que les permita tomar sus propias decisiones y que se reconozcan como ciudadanos responsables del cumplimiento de sus deberes, conscientes de sus propios derechos en el área sociosanitaria(6). La enfermería desde sus inicios se ha movilizado en escenarios duales de invisibilización-reconocimiento, sumisión-autonomía, enfermería vocacional femenina-enfermería profesional científica, situaciones que, a su vez, generan un significado paradojal para el colectivo, insatisfacción-enriquecimiento del rol profesional.

Empoderamiento del rol sociopolítico de enfermeras y enfermeros / Empowerment nurses's sociopolitical role

El empoderamiento del rol sociopolítico plantea grandes desafíos al profesional de enfermería, como ciudadanos comprometidos con las personas, familias y comunidades, considerando los requerimientos del escenario socio-sanitario actual. Para asumir este rol en propiedad se deben superar limitaciones tanto internas, como externas. El objetivo de esta reflexión es conceptualizar el rol sociopolítico de enfermeras/os e identificar las posibles barreras existentes para asumir dicho rol. Finalmente, se realizará una propuesta para configurar y potenciar una nueva enfermería que evidencie autonomía y liderazgo para contribuir a la formulación de políticas sanitarias, que dé cuenta de los desafíos planteados por el actual escenario socio-sanitario.

The empowerment of the socio-political role poses great challenges to the nursing professional, as citizens committed to people, families and communities, considering the requirements of socio-sanitary context. To assume this role in property, both internal and external limitations. The objective of this reflection is to dimension the sociopolitical role of nurses and identify the possible barriers. Finally, a proposal will be made to configure and promote a new nursing that shows autonomy and leadership to contribute to the health politics, showing the necessary changes of socio-sanitary context.

2020, el año de la enfermería en Colombia y sus retos ante la pandemia por COVID-19 / 2020, The Year of Nursing in Colombia and its Challenges in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic / 2020, o ano da Enfermagem na Colômbia e seus desafios diante a pandemia de COVID-19

La iniciativa Nursing Now ("enfermería ya" o "enfermería ahora", en traducción libre al español) propuesta por el Grupo Parlamentario Multipartidista de Salud Global del Reino Unido y respaldada por el Consejo Internacional de Enfermeras, la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, inició en el 2017 una campaña de tres años para visibilizar la enfermería en el mundo (1, 2). Esta campaña, que finaliza este año con la declaración del Año Internacional de la Enfermería, se convirtió en una oportunidad para que múltiples grupos de más de sesenta países conformaran un movimiento local, nacional e internacional que, más allá de hacer una declaración de problemáticas y lineamientos generales, permitiera colocar en la agenda de gobiernos e instituciones del mundo los aspectos principales de la profesión con la intención de trascender la representación social que por mucho tiempo la ha estigmatizado e invisibilizado. En el último año de la campaña apareció la pandemia por COVID-19 que produce una catástrofe internacional, colapsa los servicios de salud y demuestra la vulnerabilidad de los sistemas sanitarios que no estaban preparados para tal evento (3). El propósito de este artículo, en ese contexto, es plantear cuáles fueron los aspectos centrales de la campaña, cómo se asumió en Colombia y cómo la aparición de la COVID-19 ha hecho visible de manera contundente la grave situación que afronta el grupo humano en salud y particularmente la enfermería en un sistema que presenta graves grietas en su estructura y que busca generar procesos adaptativos que le permitan afrontar de la mejor forma los retos profesionales que se hicieron visibles con la pandemia.

The initiative Nursing Now ( Enfermería ya or Enfermería Ahora in Spanish) set up by the UK All-Party Parliamentary Group on Global Health and supported by the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization, launched a three-year campaign in 2017 to make nursing visible around the world (1, 2). This campaign, which closes with the designation of the International Year of the Nurse and the Midwife this year, became an opportunity for multiple groups from more than sixty countries to start a local, national and international movement that, beyond identifying problems and general guidelines, would allow main aspects of the nursing profession to be included on the agenda of governments and institutions around the world to transcend the social representation that has long stigmatized the profession and made it invisible. In the last year of the campaign, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, causing an international catastrophe, collapsing healthcare services, and demonstrating the vulnerability of health systems that were not prepared for such an event (3). The purpose of this article, in this context, is to present the central aspects of the campaign, how it was received in Colombia, and how the COVID-19 outbreak has made forcefully visible the serious situation that faces the health workers, and particularly the nurses, in a system with a cracked structure that seeks to generate adaptive processes to meet in the best way the professional challenges made visible by the pandemic.

A inciativa Nursing Now ("a enfermagem hoje" ou "enfermagem atual" em tradução livre ao português) proposta pelo Grupo Parlamentar Multipartidista de Saúde Global do Reino Unido e endossada pelo Conselho Internacional de Enfermagem, a Organização Mundial da Saúde e a Organização Pan-americana da Saúde lançaram em 2017 uma campanha de três anos para tornar visível a Enfermagem no mundo (1, 2). A campanha, que será finalizada este ano com a declaração do Ano Internacional da Enfermagem, tornou-se uma oportunidade para que diversos grupos em mais de sessenta países formassem uma mobilização local, nacional e internacional. Esta iniciativa indica problemáticas e lineamentos gerais da profissão que devem ser incluídas nas agenda dos diferentes governos e instituições do mundo com a intenção de transcender a representação social que, por muito tempo, tem produzido a estigmatização e a invisibilização da Enfermagem. No último ano desta campanha aconteceu, em escala mundial, a pandemia por COVID-19, produzindo uma catástrofe internacional, colapsando os serviços de saúde e demostrando a vulnerabilidade e o despreparo dos sistemas sanitários para assumir um problema dessa dimensão(3). O propósito deste artigo é apontar quais foram os aspectos centrais da campanha, a forma como foi desenvolvida na Colômbia e como o surgimento do COVID-19 deu visibilidade, de maneira contundente, à preocupante situação enfrentada pelos profissionais de saúde, particularmente da Enfermagem, inserida em um sistema que apresenta profundas lacunas estruturais, procurando gerar processos adaptativos que lhes permitam enfrentar, da melhor maneira possível, os desafios profissionais que se tornaram visíveis com a pandemia.

O nursing now desembarca no Brasil para evidenciar a força e a capacidade da Enfermagem / Nursing now disembarks in Brazil to demonstrate the strength and capacity of Nursing

O Programa mundial de fortalecimento da enfermagem - Nursing Now, chega ao Brasil no próximo dia 24 de abril. A campanha global Nursing Now (Enfermagem Agora) destaca o papel da enfermagem e sua importância para o alcance das metas de saúde pactuadas pelos países membros da ONU.

The Global Nursing Strengthening Program - Nursing Now, arrives in Brazil on April 24th. The global Nursing Now campaign highlights the role of nursing and its importance in reaching the health goals agreed upon by UN member countries.

El programa mundial de fortalecimiento de la enfermería - Nursing Now, llega a Brasil el próximo día 24 de abril. La campaña global Nursing Now (Enfermería ahora) destaca el papel de la enfermería y su importancia para el logro de las metas de salud pactadas por los países miembros de la ONU.

A Content Analysis of Disaster Nursing Education in Korean and Japanese Universities

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of disaster nursing education at universities in Korea and Japan, with focus on textbooks. METHODS: Disaster nursing contents from 11 Korean community health nursing textbooks and 3 Japanese disaster nursing textbooks were analysed. RESULTS: Three themes and 8 categories of disaster nursing content in the selected textbooks were analyzed. The themes classified include ‘understanding of disaster’, ‘disaster management’ and ‘disaster management system’. The theme of ‘understanding of disaster’ consists of such categories as ‘disaster concept/outline’, ‘classification of disaster’, ‘disaster management step’ and ‘disaster impact’. The theme of ‘disaster management activities’ consists of categories such as ‘disaster management activities’ and ‘disaster nursing’. The theme of ‘national disaster management system’ consists of categories like ‘national disaster management system’ and ‘international disaster relief’. From the comparison of disaster nursing education in the two countries, we found that themes were similar but there were differences between the two countries in content configuration. Korea and Japan have adopted the framework of International Council of Nurses for disaster nursing education. Korea stressed legal and ethical capabilities, while Japan included psychological support for disaster management service providers. CONCLUSION: Disaster education is an important factor in a nurse's ability for a disaster management. Development of a comprehensive disaster education program is necessary to enhance disaster care capacities.

La Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada ¿qué es? y ¿qué podría ser en América Latina? / Advanced Practice Nursing: What is it and what could it become in Latin America? / A enfermagem de prática avançada, o que é? e que poderia ser na América Latina?

El Consejo Internacional de Enfermería ha definido a la enfermera de práctica avanzada como una enfermera que ha logrado una base de conocimiento experto, habilidades para la toma de decisiones clínicas complejas y competencias para ejercer un papel extendido; características que son delineadas de acuerdo al contexto del país en el que ha sido licenciada para ejercer profesionalmente, por lo cual se considera que su nivel de entrada debe ser la Maestría.

Red internacional de gestión del cuidado de enfermería: alcances y desafíos en el marco de la Cobertura Universal de Salud / International network of management of nursing care: achievements and challenges in the context of Universal Health Coverage

Introducción: la Red Internacional de Gestión del Cuidado de Enfermería fue creada con el objetivo de compartir intereses, saberes y experiencias respecto a la gestión del cuidado de enfermería, mediante el desarrollo de avances que empoderen el ejercicio profesional y colaboren con la calidad y seguridad de los cuidados. Objetivo: identificar alcances y desafíos de la Red Internacional de Gestión del Cuidado de Enfermería, enmarcada en la Cobertura Universal de Salud. Métodos: se realizó estudio documental con información recogida en el período 2010 - 2015. Se siguieron pasos de definición de tópicos, selección de información, organización, redacción y estructura del informe, en el mes de marzo de 2016. Conclusiones: se lograron identificar alcances y desafíos de la red, enmarcada en la Cobertura Universal de Salud. Se destaca que el trabajo en red ha sido una fortaleza del colectivo enfermero(AU)

Introduction: The International Network Management Nursing Care was created with the objective of sharing interests, knowledge and experience regarding the management of nursing care, by developing advances that empower professional practice and collaborate with the quality and safety of the cares. Objective: To identify achievements and challenges of the International Network of Nursing Care Management, part of the Universal Health Coverage. Methods: Documentary study was conducted with data collected in the period 2010 - 2015. The steps followed were definition of topics, selection of information, organization, writing and structure of the report in March 2016. Conclusions: They were able to identify achievements and challenges of the network, part of the Universal Health Coverage. It emphasizes that networking has been strength of the nursing collective(AU)

Trends in US Nursing Research: Links to Global Healthcare Issues / 간호행정학회지

Nursing research in the United States (US) spans several decades. Many of the priorities/trends have stayed through the years. Today, the goal of producing evidence to support nursing care interventions coupled with the drive for Magnet Recognition has encouraged academic nurses (faculty) to work with nurse clinicians to form research teams. Interdisciplinary research teams have also formed to address growing concerns over patient safety and quality care. These issues are not just US issues but global ones. This article addresses US trends with the link to global research trends. The role that organizations such as the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Council of International Neonatal Nurses, Inc. (COINN) pay in shaping research agendas and promoting nursing research is highlighted. It emphasizes the key role that nurses, especially nurse leaders/administrators play in changing health outcomes through support of nursing research.

Characteristics of Nursing and Caring Concepts Measured in Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors Tools / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify characteristics of nursing and caring concepts measured by nursing competencies or caring behaviors tools for general nurses working in acute care hospitals. METHODS: Five major nursing literature databases were used to identify the relevant tools. The study included 19 nursing competencies tools with a total of 843 measurement items and 12 caring behaviors tools with 334 items. According to the International Council of Nurses (ICN)'s Competencies Framework and 8Cs suggested by Roach (1987) and Pusari (1998), the measurement items were classified by two researchers independently first and in agreement finally. RESULTS: Competency of ‘key principles of care’ including sub-areas of the ICN Framework was most commonly found: on average 49.3% of nursing competencies items and 91.9% of caring behaviors items. 97.0% of the caring behaviors items were classified into one of six Cs: competence (27.5%), confidence (21.3%), compassion (17.1%), commitment (16.5%), communication (9.9%), or conscience (4.8%). CONCLUSION: Nursing competencies tools were more likely to measure ‘what to do’ focusing on tasks, while caring behaviors tools were to measure ‘how to do’ focusing on nurses' attitudes or values. Nursing practices should be evaluated with both nursing competencies and caring behaviors tools, considering that nursing and caring were differently conceptualized in the quantitative tools.

Nursing Missionary Elizabeth J. Shepping's Education and Holistic Care for Koreans

PURPOSE: This study was to present education and holistic care of Elizabeth J. Shepping (1880~1934), a nursing missionary and a founder of the Chosun Nursing Association who visited Korea during the Japanese colonial period. METHODS: Primary and secondary sources were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: This study provides important implications regarding Shepping's holistic nursing as follows: First, she came to Korea after studying nursing and bibliology and being trained for nursing missionary works. Second, she cared for many Koreans, especially Korean women, to protect them from poverty, oppression, ignorance, and illnesses. Third, she continued to spread holistic care in hospitals and other local communities. She trained nurses, developed nursing education, and produced a large number of domestic nursing leaders by establishing women's Bible school. Fourth, she founded the Chosun Nursing Association, serving as its first president for 10 years and applied to join the International Council of Nurses (ICN). CONCLUSION: Finally, suggestions were provided for future research, and it will be necessary to study thoroughly nursing achievements by nurses from other countries who practiced their nursing activities in Korea, and such studies are expected to lead to analysis of nursing missionaries' experiences.

Fenômenos de enfermagem em pacientes diabéticos / Nursing phenomena in diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study

Diabetic patients present nursing phenomena scarcely studied in the literature. The aim of this paper was to identify the nursing phenomena, considered health alterations, presented by diabetic patients registered and accompanied in a Basic Unit of Health, with base in the International Classification for Nursing Practice. It is a cross-sectional study developed with 65 diabetic for randomized select accompanied in a basic unit of health. It was analyzed the health condition alteration indicative physiologic phenomena. The nominal data were organized in tables with absolute, percentile frequencies with estimate of the confidence interval of 95%. The numeric variables were analyzed by average difference tests (Student's T). It stood out the phenomena related to sensation functions (100,0%), restoration (66,2%) and circulation (52,3%). In this functions were identified 30 phenomena of different nursing being the ones of larger frequency the Altered vision (80,0%), Hunger (49,2%), Pain (47,7%), Thirst (40,0%), Intermittent sleep (35,4%), Itching (33,8%) and Altered Hearing (26,2%). We were identified statistically significant association between categorized variables glycemia and age (p = 0,007) and between categorized variables glycemia and education (p = 0,007). It was concluded that the main nursing phenomena identified are consequences of the physiologic alterations produced by the elevated glycemia. The visual alterations, hunger, pain and thirst are the most frequent and collaborate for function sensation alterations.

Pacientes diabéticos apresentam fenômenos de enfermagem pouco estudados na literatura. O Objetivo deste artigo foi identificar os fenômenos de enfermagem, considerados alterações de saúde, encontrados em clientes diabéticos cadastrados e acompanhados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, com base na Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem. Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 65 diabéticos aleatoriamente selecionados acompanhados numa unidade básica de saúde. Foram analisados os fenômenos fisiológicos indicativos de alteração do estado de saúde. Os dados nominais foram organizados em tabelas com freqüências absolutas, percentuais com estimativa do intervalo de confiança de 95%. As variáveis numéricas foram analisadas por testes de diferença de média (T de Student). Destacaram-se os fenômenos relacionados às funções de sensação (100,0%), restauração (66,2%), circulação (52,3%) e eliminação. Nestas funções foram identificados 31 fenômenos de enfermagem diferentes sendo os de maior freqüência a Visão alterada (80,0%), Pressão sanguínea elevada (52,3%), Fome (49,2%), Dor (47,7%), Sede (40,0%), Sono intermitente (35,4%), Prurido (33,8%) e Audição alterada (26,2%). Foi identificada associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis categorizadas glicemia e faixa etária (p = 0,007) e entre as variáveis categorizadas glicemia e escolaridade (p = 0,007). Conclui-se que os principais fenômenos de enfermagem identificados são conseqüências das alterações fisiológicas produzidas pela glicemia elevada. As alterações visuais, fome, dor e sede são as mais freqüentes e colaboram para alterações da função sensação.